The hospital of San Giacomo in Augusta was the third hospital build in Rome during the Middle Ages. According to Cardinal Pietro Colonna’s will, the initial structure of the hospital was erected in 1339 in honor of his uncle Giacomo Colonna, who had noticed that the incurable patients, wounded and in need for a long period of hospitalization, were rejected by the other two hospitals. The complex initially was the Mausoleum of Emperor Augustus, built in 28 BC, which became a stronghold of the Colonna family in the Middle Ages. Giacomo interred to redeem the honor of the house to do charity for more people in Rome, as well as showing the family power. The location of the hospital is near Tiber river and next to Portages del Popolo, allowing easier accessor for food and medicine supply coming by the river and providing convenience for the pilgrims coming from a long distance on food. In the 16th century, Pope Leo X transformed the hospital for the sick and the incurable of all social classes and all genders, with particular attention to the cure of syphilis, which was rapidly and widely spread during the time. Leo X also established free assistance to the sick. The main source of funding was obtained mainly from the donations of the private donors (Pope Leo X was among them), and from the revenues of the various assets that were attributed to the hospital itself. Also in the 16th century, under the first ambitious reconstruction of the hospital, the Chiesa di Giacomo in Augusta was built next to the hospital. Moreover, Chiesa di Santa Maria Portages Paradisi was rebuilt and given its name in 1523 as part of the extension of an adjoining hospital. Unfortunately, in 2008, the hospital was closed forever by regional law of Lazio for very complicated reasons, arousing a large number of protests and inconveniences.