https://cgmr.carleton.edu/files/original/c81f9d78129d786ab3d2cd2ea6d5d953.JPG b585213ad663e3c10fbd6c6a4f8d09f7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Added Statues on Ponte Sant’Angelo Subject The topic of the resource Papal Processions Description An account of the resource An example of a statue added during the Renaissance by the Popes on the Ponte Sant'Angelo. It was meant to embellish the space and demonstrate Papal power. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teddy Wolfe (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://cgmr.carleton.edu/files/original/6bdf91fcbe0b63c8609d5ff559000e03.JPG caaa7de9cb4b038671f6ba6b679b23a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hadrian's Inner Structure Subject The topic of the resource Papal Processions Description An account of the resource The inner tower that made up part of Hadrian's tomb, and was later modified to be the central part of the Castel Sant'Angelo. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teddy Wolfe (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://cgmr.carleton.edu/files/original/892e35889f07b07f5424118f06f67dd4.JPG 16dbd8e045792ccd7ce19f093b57857e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Outer Walls of Castel Sant'Angelo Subject The topic of the resource Papal Processions Description An account of the resource The outer walls of the Castel Sant'Angelo. It was part of the structure's transformation from Hadrian's tomb into a fortress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teddy Wolfe (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://cgmr.carleton.edu/files/original/ec64823149816a31c4f29548c993081a.JPG 00b25a72f89de405416c4578a4a82b1e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Vatican Nearby Subject The topic of the resource Papal Processions Description An account of the resource The proximity of the Vatican to the Castel, and how close the Tiber is to the Vatican. This photo demonstrates how important the Fortress was for defending the Vatican from invasions down the Tiber. That said, during 1198, there would have been many more houses in the way. Fascists removed them. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teddy Wolfe (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teddy Wolfe (2020) Edited by Ella Parke (2027) and Julia Tassava (2026) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context castelsantangelo_2019 Title A name given to the resource Castel Sant'Angelo Description An account of the resource The Castel Sant’Angelo was an important political landmark in medieval Rome. Whoever controlled it controlled the city. For example, in the 10th century, the powerful Crescentii family used it as a garrison, which allowed them to seize and imprison two Popes-- John X and Benedict VI-- and replace them with men who would act more favorably towards them. Luckily for the Catholic Church, this plan fell apart when the Roman citizenry rose up and cleared out the space, angry about the new pope.In the aftermath, the church learned from its past mistakes and worked to claim the fortress as its own. This strategy was incredibly valuable. Pope St. Gregory VII was able to take refuge in the Castel Sant'Angelo in 1084 during a siege of Rome by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. Gregory VII would not be the only one to use it as such, as the building became an important refuge for popes, and later served as a barracks to defend Rome (and the Vatican) against enemy invaders. That said, the Castel Sant’Angelo didn’t always have this military importance. It began as the Roman emperor Hadrian’s tomb, the remnants of which help form the inner tower structure. The bridge over the Tiber Riber, known as the Ponte Sant’Angelo, was also built by Hadrian. Those are some of the only original structures that remain, as the space was transformed into a fortress in the 5th century, so walls and other defensive elements had to be periodically added in. When examining Castel Sant’Angelo today, it’s important to note that many decorations were added during the Renaissance period to reflect papal dominance, like statues of SS. Peter and Paul on the Ponte Sant’Angelo. Thus, they should be disregarded when considering what the space would have looked like during early papal processions. Finally, Castel Sant’Angelo also has an extensive religious history. There is a story that St. Gregory the Great led an emergency procession during a plague in 590. When he arrived at the Castel Sant’Angelo, he witnessed the Archangel Michael appear over the structure, sheathing a sword and announcing the end of the disease. This event helped spur Castel Sant’Angelo’s placement within processions as a place where a miracle occurred. Thus, in summary, Castel Sant’Angelo represented an important marker of the papacy’s power, due to its history as papal refuge and military stronghold, as well as its connection with miracles. Therefore, the site played an important role in papal processions. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brentano, Robert. Rome before Avignon: A Social History of Thirteenth-Century Rome. New York City, NY: Basic Books, 1974 Chandlery, Peter Joseph. Pilgrim-Walks in Rome: A Guide to the Holy Places in The City and Its Vicinity. America Press, 1908 Macadam, Alta and Annabel Barber. The Blue Guide to Rome. London, England: Blue Guides Limited, 2016. Partridge, Loren. The Art of the Renaissance in Rome (1400-1600). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 1996. Ring, Trudy. Noelle Watson, and Paul Schellinger. Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. London, England: Routledge, 2013. Stinger, Charles L. The Renaissance in Rome. Bloomington Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1100s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Lungotevere Castello, 50, 00193 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1000s papal processions